Battles in Guanzhong Ma Chao



ma chao retreated further west after defeat @ tong pass. cao cao pursued him anding (安定; around present-day pingliang, gansu) gave on pursuit , headed east after receiving news unrest in northern china. yang fu warned cao cao, ma chao has courage of han xin , ying bu, , has support of qiang , rong peoples. if retreat , don t station defences here, ll forfeit territories in area. after cao cao left, yang fu predicted, ma chao led various tribes in region attack commanderies , counties in guanzhong, while people responded call , joined him in revolt. ma chao killed wei kang, inspector (刺史) of liang province, , seized control of liang province s capital jicheng (兾城; in present-day gangu county, gansu) , forced wei kang s subordinates submit him. appointed himself general attacks west (征西將軍) , governor (牧) of bing province, , took charge of military affairs in liang province.


wei kang s former subordinates – yang fu, jiang xu, liang kuan (梁寬), zhao qu (趙衢) , others – unhappy ma chao plotted rid of him. yang fu , jiang xu rebelled against ma chao in lucheng (鹵城; in present-day southeastern gansu), while others in jicheng pretended urge ma suppress revolt. ma chao followed advice , led army attack lucheng not conquer city. when returned jicheng, saw liang kuan , zhao qu had closed city gates , barred him entering. zhao qu , others killed ma chao s wife , child(ren) in jicheng.


in summer of 212, year after ma chao rebelled against han imperial court, emperor xian issued decree ordering execution of ma chao s father ma teng , rest of family him @ time in ye (in present-day handan, hebei).


ma chao fled hanzhong, borrowed troops warlord zhang lu, , returned attack drove him out of guanzhong. besieged jiang xu, zhao ang , allies @ mount qi (祁山; mountainous regions around present-day li county, gansu) 30 days until reinforcements led cao cao s generals xiahou yuan , zhang showed , lifted siege.

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