Sudden and gradual enlightenment Chan Buddhism

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avalokiteśvara sitting in meditation


in zen buddhism 2 main views on way enlightenment discernible, namely sudden , gradual enlightenment.


early chan recognized transcendence of body , mind , followed non-defilement [of] knowledge , perception , or sudden insight true nature (jiànxìng) followed gradual purification of intentions.


in 8th century chan history refashioned shenhui, created dichotomy between so-called east mountain teaching or northern school , led yuquan shenxiu, , own line of teaching, called southern school . shenhui placed huineng prominence sixth chan-patriarch, , emphasized sudden enlightenment, opposed concurrent northern school s alleged gradual enlightenment. according sudden enlightenment propagated shenhui, insight true nature sudden; thereafter there can no misunderstanding anymore true nature.


in platform sutra, dichotomy between sudden , gradual reconciled. guifeng zongmi, fifth-generation successor shenhui, softened edge between sudden , gradual. in analysis, sudden awakening points seeing 1 s true nature, followed gradual cultivation attain buddhahood.


this gradual cultivation recognized dongshan liangjie (japanese tōzan), described 5 ranks of enlightenment.





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