Modernisation Chan Buddhism

1 modernisation

1.1 19th century (late qing dynasty)
1.2 republic of china (1912–1949) – first buddhist revival
1.3 people s republic of china (1949–present) – second buddhist revival
1.4 taiwan

modernisation
19th century (late qing dynasty)

around 1900, buddhists other asian countries showed growing interest in chinese buddhism. anagarika dharmapala visited shaghai in 1893, intending make tour of china, arouse chinese buddhists send missionaries india restore buddhism there, , start propaganda throughout whole world , limiting stay shanghai. japanese buddhist missionaries active in china in beginning of 20th century.

republic of china (1912–1949) – first buddhist revival


traditional chan buddhist grand master wei chueh in taiwan, sitting in meditation.

the modernisation of china led end of chinese empire, , installation of republic of china, lasted on mainland until communist revolution , installation of people s republic of china in 1949.

after further centuries of decline during qing, chan revived again in 20th century hsu yun (虛雲), well-known figure of 20th-century chinese buddhism. many chan teachers today trace lineage hsu yun, including sheng-yen (聖嚴) , hsuan hua (宣化), have propagated chan in west has grown steadily through 20th , 21st century.

the buddhist reformist taixu propagated chan-influenced humanistic buddhism, endorsed jing hui, former abbott of bailin monastery.

until 1949, monasteries built in southeast asian countries, example monks of guanghua monastery, spread chinese buddhism. presently, guanghua monastery has 7 branches in malay peninsula , indonesia.

people s republic of china (1949–present) – second buddhist revival

chan repressed in china during recent modern era in periods of people s republic, subsequently had been re-asserting on mainland, , has significant following in taiwan , hong kong among overseas chinese.

since chinese economic reform of 1970s, new revival of chinese buddhism going on. ancient buddhist temples, such bailin monastery , guanghua monastery have been refurbished.

bailin monastery ruined long before 1949. in 1988, jing hui persuaded take on hebei buddhist association, , start rebuilding monastery. jing hui student , dharma successor of hsu yun, has adopted humanistic buddhism of taixu.

guanghua monastery restored beginning in 1979, when six-year restoration program began under supervision of 70-year-old venerable master yuanzhou (圆拙老法师). in 1983 temple became 1 of chinese buddhism regional temples (汉族地区全国重点寺院) whilst 36-year-old master yiran (毅然法師) became abbot. same year, venerable master yuanzhou funded establishment of new fujian buddhism academy (福建佛学院) on site.

taiwan

several chinese buddhist teachers left china during communist revolution, , settled in hong kong , taiwan.

sheng yen (1930–2009) founder of dharma drum mountain, buddhist organization based in taiwan. during time in taiwan, sheng yen known 1 of progressive buddhist teachers sought teach buddhism in modern , western-influenced world.

wei chueh (1928–2016) born in sichuan, china, , ordained in taiwan. in 1982, founded lin quan temple in taipei county , became known teaching on ch practices offering many lectures , seven-day ch retreats. order called chung tai shan.

two additional traditions emerged in 1960s, based teaching on ch practices.

cheng yen (born 1937), buddhist nun, founded tzu chi foundation charity organization buddhist origins on 14 may 1966 in hualien, taiwan. inspired master , mentor, late venerable master yin shun (印順導師, yìn shùn dǎoshī) proponent of humanistic buddhism, exhorted work buddhism , sentient beings . organisation began motto of instructing rich , saving poor group of thirty housewives donated small amount of money each day care needy families.

hsing yun (born 1927), founded fo guang shan international chinese buddhist new religious movement based in taiwan in 1967. order promotes humanistic buddhism. fo guang shan calls international buddhist progress society. headquarters of fo guang shan, located in dashu district, kaohsiung, largest buddhist monastery in taiwan. hsing yun s stated position within fo guang shan is amalgam of 8 schools of chinese buddhism (八宗兼弘), including chan. fo guang shan comprehensive of major buddhist organizations of taiwan, focusing extensively on both social works , religious engagement.

in taiwan, these 4 masters popularly referred 4 heavenly kings of taiwanese buddhism, respective organizations dharma drum mountain, chung tai shan, tzu chi, , fo guang shan being referred 4 great mountains .

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