Kamaraj Madras State

1 kamaraj

1.1 m. bhaktavatsalam
1.2 c. n. annadurai

1.2.1 renaming of state

kamaraj

on 13 april 1954, k. kamaraj reluctantly became chief minister of madras province. s surprise, kamaraj nominated c. subramaniam , m. bhakthavatsalam, had contested leadership, newly formed cabinet. kamaraj removed family vocation–based hereditary education policy introduced rajaji. kamaraj strove eradicate illiteracy introducing free , compulsory education eleventh standard. introduced mid-day meal scheme provide @ least 1 meal per day lakhs of poor school children.

one of first political acts of kamaraj during tenure chief minister widen representation of rising non-brahmins in cabinet. ministerial berths given non-brahmin caste-based parties, tamil nadu toilers party , commonwealth party. both parties subsequently subsumed congress. in move counter tamil cultural politics espoused dmk, kamaraj made conscious attempts partake in linguistic cultural matters. placate tamil aspirations, kamaraj effected measures. efforts towards introducing tamil language medium of instruction in schools , colleges accompanied publication of textbooks on scientific , technical subjects in tamil. in 1960 state education minister took steps introduce tamil in government arts colleges medium of instruction.

similarly usage of tamil in courts received encouragement. affirm role in linguistic politics of state, kamaraj introduced bill in february 1962 in legislative assembly changing name of madras tamil nadu intrastate communication , bill proposing madurai capital. no decision taken on it. dmk made capital out of this, routing congress in 1967 elections 4 years after kamaraj relinquished office chief minister in accordance kamaraj plan concentrate on congress organisational work.

committed version of socialism meaning backward should progress , kamaraj remained truthful simple dictum of socialism , providing essential man s living such dwelling, job, food , education . great feature of kamaraj rule ending of retrogressive educational policies , setting stage universal , free schooling.

almost every village within radius of 1 mile population of 300 , above inhabitants provided school. view encouraging , attracting rural poor children schools, kamaraj pioneered scheme of free mid-day meals primary school children in panchayat , government institutions. scheme, aided american voluntary organisation care, launched in 1957. in addition government came forward supply school uniforms poor students. make education accessible children various backgrounds, full exemption school fees introduced. public enthusiasm , participation in raising funds , procuring equipment schools entertained through different schemes making education social responsibility. such measures made education affordable many denied basic educational opportunities centuries.

kamaraj s other feat role in facilitating developmental programmes chiefly electrification , industrial development. thousands of villages electrified. rural electrification led large-scale use of pumpsets irrigational purposes , agriculture-received impetus. large- , small-scale industries flagged off generating employment opportunities. kamaraj made best use of funds available through five-year plans , guided tamil nadu in deriving maximum benefit.

m. bhaktavatsalam

in 1963, indian national congress won madras state elections , formed government in state fifth time in 25 years. on 2 october 1963, bhaktavatsalam took office chief minister of madras kamaraj backed off, expressing desire spend more time serving party. bhaktavatsalam is, till date, last chief minister of madras indian national congress.

in august 1963, m. s. golwalkar, sarsangchalak of rashtriya swayamsevak sangh established swami vivekananda centenary committee , vivekananda rock memorial committee , appointed eknath ranade secretary. main function of committee construct rock memorial @ kanyakumari in order honour swami vivekananda on birth centenary. chief minister, bhaktavatsalam, , union minister cultural affairs, humayun kabir, vehemently opposed move. however, bhaktavatsalam yielded when ranade presented him letter signatures of 323 members of parliament in support of memorial.

bhaktavatsalam s tenure chief minister witnessed severe anti-hindi agitations in madras state. bhaktavatsalam supported union government s decision introduce hindi compulsory language , rejected demands make tamil medium of instruction in colleges, saying not practical proposition, not in interests of national integration, not in interests of higher education, , not in interests of students . on 7 march 1964, @ session of madras legislative assembly, bhaktavatsalam recommended introduction of three-language formula comprising english, hindi , tamil.

as 26 january 1965, day when 15-year-long transition period recommended indian parliament came end, neared, agitations intensified, leading police action , casualties. 5 of agitators (sivalingam, aranganathan, veerappan, mutthu, , sarangapani) immolated while 3 others (dandapani, mutthu, , shanmugam) consumed poison. 1 of agitators, eighteen-year-old rajendran, killed on 27 january 1965 result of police firing.

on 13 february 1965, bhaktavatsalam claimed opposition dravida munnetra kazhagam , left parties responsible large-scale destruction of public property , violence during anti-hindi agitations of 1965.

c. n. annadurai

in 1967, congress lost 9 states opposition parties, in madras state single non-congress party majority achieved. electoral victory of 1967 due electoral fusion among non-congress parties avoid split in opposition votes. rajagopalachari, former senior leader of congress party, had left congress , launched right-wing swatantra party. played vital role in bringing electoral fusion amongst opposition parties align against congress. @ time, cabinet youngest in country. c. n. annadurai legalised self-respect marriages first time in country. such marriages void of priests preside on ceremony , did not need brahmin carry out wedding. self-respect marriages brainchild of periyar, regarded conventional marriages mere financial arrangements , caused great debt through dowry. self-respect marriages, according him encouraged inter-caste marriages , caused arranged marriages replaced love marriages. annadurai first announce subsidising of price of rice in election manifesto. promised measure of rice 1 rupee, implemented withdrew soon. subsidizing rice , giving freebies still used election promises in tamil nadu.

renaming of state

it annadurai s government renamed madras state tamil nadu. name change first presented in upper house (rajya sabha) of parliament of india bhupesh gupta, communist mp west bengal, defeated. annadurai chief minister, state assembly passed bill of renaming state successfully. during period of chief ministership second world tamil conference conducted on grand scale on 3 january 1968. also, when commemorative stamp released mark tamil conference, annadurai expressed dissatisfaction stamp contained hindi when tamil.