Nao Monkeys in Chinese culture

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oracle script nao 夒 monkey



seal script nao 夒 monkey



seal script kui 夔 demon


nao 夒 first monkey term recorded in historical corpus of written chinese, , appeared in (14th-11th centuries bce) shang dynasty oracle bone inscriptions. oracle pictograph of monkey showed head, arms, legs, , short tail; graphically simplified in (3rd century bce) qin dynasty seal script. compare seal character kui 夔 legendary demon human face , body of monkey/dragon , resembles seal character nao addition of appears long hair on head.


this graphically complex character nao 夒 monkey had variant nao 獿 (with quadruped radical , nao phonetic), , simpler replacement nao 猱 monkey (same radical , rou 柔 phonetic), common in modern usage.


the etymology of nao < *nû 夒 or 猱 monkey (schuessler 2007:397) elusive , , may connected proto-mon–khmer *knuuy macaque; monkey or proto-tibeto-burman *mruk; compare *ŋoh 禺 next.


the first chinese character dictionary, (121 ce) shuowen jiezi defines nao 夒 greedy animal, said muhou monkey resembling person (貪獸也一曰母猴似人);, see muhou below.


the poet li bai alludes nao (猱) populating taihang mountains, in north of china, near capital city chang an, in poem 白馬篇 : should duly noted literary source contextually suggests temporal location of west han era (sun 1982:82-85).







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