Alternatives Faint young Sun paradox

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phanerozoic climate change


a minority view, propounded israeli-american physicist nir shaviv, uses climatological influences of solar wind, combined hypothesis of danish physicist henrik svensmark cooling effect of cosmic rays, explain paradox. according shaviv, sun had emitted stronger solar wind produced protective effect against cosmic rays. in age, moderate greenhouse effect comparable today s have been sufficient explain ice-free earth. evidence more active sun has been found in meteorites.


the temperature minimum around 2.4 billion years goes along cosmic ray flux modulation variable star formation rate in milky way. reduced solar impact later results in stronger impact of cosmic ray flux (crf), hypothesized lead relationship climatological variations.


an alternative model of solar evolution may explain faint young sun paradox. in model, sun underwent extended period of higher solar wind output. caused mass loss sun on order of 5−10 percent on lifetime, resulting in more consistent level of solar luminosity (as sun had more mass, resulting in more energy output predicted). in order explain warm conditions in archean era, mass loss must have occurred on interval of 1 billion years. however, records of ion implantation meteorites , lunar samples show elevated rate of solar wind flux lasted period of 0.1 billion years. observations of young sun-like star π ursae majoris matches rate of decline in stellar wind output, suggesting higher mass loss rate can not resolve paradox.


examination of archaean sediments appears inconsistent hypothesis of high greenhouse concentrations. instead, moderate temperature range may explained lower surface albedo brought less continental area , lack of biologically induced cloud condensation nuclei . have led increased absorption of solar energy, thereby compensating lower solar output.








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