Abdul-Aziz Ibn Saud Wahhabism

ibn saud, first king of saudi arabia

in 1901, abdul-aziz ibn saud, fifth generation descendant of muhammad ibn saud, began military campaign led conquest of of arabian peninsula , founding of present-day saudi arabia, after collapse of ottoman empire. result safeguarded vision of islam-based on tenets of islam preached muhammad ibn abd al-wahhab not bloodless, 40,000 public executions , 350,000 amputations carried out during course, according estimates.

under reign of abdul-aziz, political considerations trumped religious idealism favored pious wahhabis. political , military success gave wahhabi ulama control on religious institutions jurisdiction on considerable territory, , in later years wahhabi ideas formed basis of rules , laws concerning social affairs, , shaped kingdom s judicial , educational policies. protests wahhabi ulama overridden when came consolidating power in hijaz , al-hasa, avoiding clashes great power of region (britain), adopting modern technology, establishing simple governmental administrative framework, or signing oil concession u.s. wahhabi ulama issued fatwa affirming ruler declare jihad (a violation of ibn abd al-wahhab s teaching according delong-bas.)

as realm of wahhabism expanded under ibn saud areas of shiite (al-hasa, conquered in 1913) , pluralistic muslim tradition (hejaz, conquered in 1924–25), wahhabis pressed forced conversion of shia , eradication of (what saw as) idolatry. ibn saud sought more relaxed approach .

in al-hasa, efforts stop observance of shia religious holidays , replace teaching , preaching duties of shia clerics wahhabi, lasted year.

in mecca , jeddah (in hejaz) prohibition of tobacco, alcohol, playing cards , listening music on phonograph looser in najd. on objections of wahhabi ulama, ibn saud permitted both driving of automobiles , attendance of shia @ hajj.

enforcement of commanding right , forbidding wrong, such enforcing prayer observance , separation of sexes, developed prominent place during second saudi emirate, , in 1926 formal committee enforcement founded in mecca.

while wahhabi warriors swore loyalty monarchs of al saud, there 1 major rebellion. king abdul-aziz put down rebelling ikhwan – nomadic tribesmen turned wahhabi warriors opposed introducing such innovations telephones, automobiles, , telegraph , sending son country of unbelievers (egypt) .

britain had aided abdul-aziz, , when ikhwan attacked british protectorates of transjordan, iraq , kuwait, continuation of jihad expand wahhabist realm, abdul-aziz struck, killing hundreds before rebels surrendered in 1929.