Hung-chou School Chan Buddhism

rinzai

the important of these schools hongzhou school (洪州宗) of mazu, belong shitou, baizhang huaihai, huangbo , linji (rinzai). linji regarded founder of 1 of 5 houses.

this school developed shock techniques such shouting, beating, , using irrational retorts startle students realization . of these common today, while others found in anecdotes. common in many chan traditions today chan teachers have stick them during formal ceremonies symbol of authority , can used strike on table during talk.

these shock techniques became part of traditional , still popular image of chan masters displaying irrational , strange behaviour aid students. part of image due later misinterpretations , translation errors, such loud belly shout known katsu. katsu means shout , has traditionally been translated yelled katsu – should mean yelled yell .

a well-known story depicts mazu practicing dhyana, being rebuked teacher nanyue huairang, comparing seated meditation polishing tile. according faure, criticism not dhyana such, idea of becoming buddha means of practice, lowered standing of means achieve end . criticism of seated dhyana reflects change in role , position of monks in tang society, undertook pious works, reciting sacred texts , remaining seated in dhyana . nevertheless, seated dhyana remained important part of chan tradition, due influence of guifeng zongmi, tried balance dhyana , insight.

the hung-chou school has been criticised radical subitism. guifeng zongmi (圭峰 宗密) (780–841), influential teacher-scholar , patriarch of both chan , huayan school, claimed hongzhou school teaching led radical nondualism denies need spiritual cultivation , moral discipline. while zongmi acknowledged essence of buddha-nature , functioning in day-to-day reality difference aspects of same reality, insisted there difference.

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