Clinical significance Perivascular space

1 clinical significance

1.1 senescence
1.2 symptoms of dilation
1.3 associated disorders

clinical significance

the clinical significance of perivascular spaces comes tendency dilate. importance of dilation hypothesized based on changes in shape rather size. enlarged spaces have been observed commonly in basal ganglia, on lenticulostriate arteries. have been observed along paramedial mesencephalothalamic artery , substantia nigra in mesencephalon, brain region below insula, dentate nucleus in cerebellum, , corpus callosum, brain region directly above it, cingulate gyrus. upon clinical application of mri, shown in several studies perivascular space dilation , lacunar strokes commonly observed histological correlates of signaling abnormalities.

senescence

dilation commonly , closely associated aging. dilation of perivascular spaces has been shown correlate best age, when accompanying factors including hypertension, dementia, , white matter lesions considered. in elderly, such dilation has been correlated many symptoms , conditions affect arterial walls, including vascular hypertension, arteriosclerosis, reduced cognitive capacity, dementia, , low post-mortem brain weight. in addition dilation among elderly, dilation in young, healthy individuals can observed. occurrence rare , there has been no observed association in such cases reduced cognitive function or white matter abnormalities. when dilated vrs observed in corpus callosum, there no neurological deficit associated. observed in region cystic lesions cerebrospinal-like fluid.

symptoms of dilation

extreme dilation has been associated several specific clinical symptoms. in cases of severe dilation in 1 hemisphere, symptoms reported include non-specific fainting attack, hypertension, positional vertigo, headache, recall disturbances, , hemifacial tics. symptoms associated severe bilateral dilation include ear pain (which reported have resolved on own), dementia, , seizures. data compiled case studies of individuals severe vrs dilation. considering anatomical abnormality presented in such cases, these findings considered surprising in symptoms relatively mild. in cases there in fact no mass effect associated vrs dilation. exception mildness of clinical symptoms associated vrs dilation when there extreme dilation in lower mesencephalon @ junction between substantia nigra , cerebral peduncle. in such cases, mild moderate obstructive hydrocephalus reported in patients. associated symptoms ranged headaches symptoms more severe discussed in cases of dilation in cerebral hemispheres. other general symptoms associated vrs dilation include headaches, dizziness, memory impairment, poor concentration, dementia, visual changes, oculomotor abnormality, tremors, seizures, limb weakness, , ataxia.

associated disorders

dilation typical characteristic of several diseases , disorders. these include diseases metabolic , genetic disorders such mannosidosis, myotonic dystrophy, lowe syndrome, , coffin–lowry syndrome. dilation common characteristic of diseases or disorders of vascular pathologies, including cadasil (cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy subcortical infarcts , leukoencephalopathy), hereditary infantile hemiparesis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity , leukoencephalopathy, migraines, , vascular dementia. third group disorders typically associated vrs dilation neuroectodermal syndromes. includes polycystic brains associated ectodermal dysplasia, frontonasal dysplasia, , joubert syndrome. there fourth miscellaneous group of disorders typically associated dilation include autism in children, megalencephalopathy, secondary parkinson’s disease, recent-onset multiple sclerosis , chronic alcoholism. because dilation can associated several diseases observed in healthy patients, important in evaluation of vrs study tissue around dilation via mri , consider entire clinical context.